October 14, 2009
EU warns Britain and others of rising debt, costs
AOIFE WHITE
AP Business Writer
BRUSSELS (AP) - The European Commission warned Britain and four other EU nations Wednesday that their economies are at high risk because soaring public debt may hurt their ability to meet future needs, such as paying pensions.
It told all EU nations that they could not rely on fast economic growth to reduce debt because Europe faces a problem that will "dwarf the effect of the crisis many times over" - an aging population where fewer workers will pay higher pension and health care for more retirees.
This means that governments have little choice but to make budget cuts and labor market reforms that could raise potential growth, it said.
It highlighted Britain, Spain, Greece, Ireland and Latvia, saying the impact of the downturn on their public finances and growth in the next few years was a "serious concern."
British government debt is swelling at the fastest rate of the Group of Seven industrialized nations and borrowing is forecast to reach a record 175 billion pounds ($277 billion) or 82 percent of gross domestic product next year.
The EU executive said thirteen nations were at high risk and need to set out "ambitious" budget programs to reduce debt and deficit in coming years and to make deep reforms to social welfare spending: Britain, Spain, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Malta, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Cyprus.
It singled out Greece, where a "very high debt ratio" is coupled with rapidly rising costs for the elderly.
Rising debt in France, Italy, Hungary, Poland and Portugal also came in for criticism. The EU warned that their budget policies are currently "unsustainable" even without counting the costs of aging.
France must make "ambitious" efforts to control the budget, it said. For Italy, Europe's largest debtor, "fast fiscal consolidation once the recovery takes hold is indispensable."
It saw fewer problems for Germany, Belgium and Austria, which have "relatively sound" finances and are in a better position to manage future costs.
The EU executive also warned that "soaring" government borrowing will put upward pressure on interest rates - currently at record lows in the eurozone and Britain - as economies start to recover. This could "crowd out investment," it said.
Last year's financial crisis forced governments to lay out hundreds of billions of euros (dollars) to rescue banks, stoke economic growth and pay out more welfare to the growing number of unemployed while also receiving less tax income.
EU officials are calling on governments to set out an "exit strategy" for how and when they will start paying back debt. Finance ministers from the 16 eurozone nations signaled on Oct. 1 that they might set a 2011 deadline to start such efforts if forecasts confirm a recovery.
"A fast and unsustainable increase in government debt in the coming decades can be avoided," the EU executive said, calling on countries to start paying off debt "as soon as conditions allow it to avoid a more severe correction at a later stage."
Government deficits in all 27 European Union nations are forecast to average 6 percent of gross domestic product in 2009 and 7 percent in 2010 - a massive increase from an 0.8 percent deficit in 2007, the lowest in 30 years.
The crisis has also forced the 16 nations that use the euro to temporarily throw out a budget rule book that requires them to keep deficits under 3 percent and debt under 60 percent. The limits are designed to keep the currency stable.
Thirteen eurozone nations are set to break the deficit rule this year and eight to go past the debt limit.
The European Commission warned that public debt may be worse than expected because "exceptionally large contingent liabilities" - such as guarantees for banks' troubled assets that are promised but not paid out - "may translate into actual costs over coming years."
The EU said Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia and Bulgaria were at low risk because they had healthy public finances before the crisis and have carried out major pension reforms.