There are two main obstacles to creating a blockchain-based payment network for the world’s poor. First, many of the people sending the money get paid in cash and those on the receiving end live in a predominantly cash-based economy. Second, most people in the developed and developing world alike don’t have the knowledge and tools to use blockchain effectively. While cash may very well go the way of the dodo, until employers start beaming value to smart wallets in the developed world, and tiny streetside merchants in Manila, Port-au-Prince, and Lagos start accepting digital payments, we will still need hard currency. Western Union understands that, and that’s why it is still very relevant today, with more than 500,000 agents all over the world.45 If you’re looking to exchange your remittance for cash, your options are limited. Western Union wouldn’t be effective if it had only one agent. Its network has allowed it to maintain a monopoly position on the entire market for decades. There have been few if any companies with a seamless, easy-to-use “killer app” technology. Until now.
Enter Abra, and other companies like it. With a name like Abra, one would expect to see a little “cadabra,” and the company does not disappoint. Abra is building a global digital asset management system on the bitcoin blockchain. Its stated mission is to turn every smart phone into a teller that can dispense physical cash to any other member of the network. We wanted to test whether this solution improved Analie’s experience.
Analie and her mom both downloaded the app to their Android smart phones. Analie’s balance to start was in Canadian dollars. At the click of a button, Analie initiated the transfer to her mom. She got it, in pesos, almost instantly. At this point, her mom had the choice of keeping pesos on her phone as a store of value and choosing to spend them at a growing number of merchants that now accept Abra as a payment system. By creating a payment mechanism and store of value, Abra effectively displaces the conventional banking system’s two most essential roles: payments and value storage. This alone is a revolutionary concept, but here’s where it gets really interesting: Mom wants cash. She pays her rent, buys her food, and manages virtually all other expenses in cash. She checks the app and notices there are four other Abra users within a four-block radius of her. She messages them all to see who will exchange her digital pesos for physical pesos and at what price. The four come back to her with different “bids” for their services. One person will do it for 3 percent, another for 2 percent, and two more for 1.5 percent. Mom decides to go with the teller offering 2 percent—not because it’s the cheapest but because this teller has a five-star rating and has agreed to meet her halfway. They meet and she swaps her Abra pesos for physical pesos, the teller makes his commission, and they both walk away happy. Abra takes a 25-basis-point fee on conversion.
The entire process, from money leaving Toronto to the Filipino recipient holding cash, takes less than an hour and costs 25 basis points net, inclusive of foreign exchange and all other transaction costs. Whereas every Western Union transaction requires up to seven or eight intermediaries—corresponding banks, local banks, Western Union, the individual agents, and others—the Abra transaction requires only three: two peers and the Abra platform. “I get it now. That’s really cool!” said Analie, ecstatically