After Sunday’s election Turkey is still as starkly divided as it has ever been about what kind of country it wants to be. Does it still want to stick fiercely to the secular vision of its founder, Kemal Atatürk, keeping religion out of the public square? Or should it express its Muslim heritage and identity, or even become an Islamic republic? Does it want to continue to move closer to Europe, or seek a new Asian destiny? Turkish voters did not give a clear, overwhelming answer to any of these questions.
The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the Prime Minister, increased its vote from 34 to 47 per cent. But the result has not given the cautious Islamist party the free hand it wants to reform the resolutely secular constitution because it now faces a stronger opposition in the national assembly. The main secular party, the People’s Republican Party (CHP), increased its support. The National Action Party (MHP), a proto-fascist group, galvanised by fears that the AKP is intent on stealthily Islamicising Turkey, surged from nowhere to win 14 per cent of the vote.
The MHP, strongly opposed to joining the EU, aims to unite the Turkic people in a “Greater Turkey” that encompasses Xinjiang in China, Central Asia, the Caucasus and northwest Iran. Its more extremist theoreticians also include Hungary and Finland in their “family of Turkish nations”.
...