Although several pennants of the
Soviet Union were scattered by
Luna 2 in 1959 and by later landing missions, and
U.S. flags have been symbolically planted on the Moon, no nation currently claims ownership of any part of the Moon's surface. Russia and the U.S. are party to the
Outer Space Treaty, which places the Moon under the same jurisdiction as
international waters (
res communis). This treaty also restricts the use of the Moon to peaceful purposes, explicitly banning military installations and
weapons of mass destruction (including
nuclear weapons).
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A second treaty, the
Moon Treaty, was proposed to restrict the exploitation of the Moon's resources by any single nation, but it has not been signed by any of the
space-faring nations. Several individuals have made
claims to the Moon in whole or in part, although none of these are generally considered credible.