Borobudur is a ninth-century
Mahayana Buddhist Monument in
Magelang,
Central Java,
Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672
relief panels and 504
Buddha statues.
[1] A main dome, located at the center of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside perforated
stupa.
The monument is both a
shrine to the
Lord Buddha and a place for Buddhist
pilgrimage. The journey for pilgrims begins at the base of the monument and follows a path
circumambulating the monument while ascending to the top through the three levels of
Buddhist cosmology, namely
Kāmadhātu (the world of desire),
Rupadhatu (the world of forms) and
Arupadhatu (the world of formlessness). During the journey the monument guides the pilgrims through a system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the wall and the
balustrades.
Evidence suggests Borobudur was abandoned following the fourteenth century decline of Buddhist and
Hindu kingdoms in Java, and the
Javanese conversion to
Islam.
[2] Worldwide knowledge of its existence was sparked in 1814 by
Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, the then
British ruler of Java, who was advised of its location by native Indonesians. Borobudur has since been preserved through several restorations. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the
Indonesian government and
UNESCO, following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
[3] Borobudur is still used for pilgrimage; once a year Buddhists in Indonesia celebrate
Vesak at the monument, and Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited
tourist attraction.
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