Harmful Term |
Context |
Replacement Term |
alien / non-native / exotic / invasive |
Xenophobic, anti-immigrant, and militaristic |
Non-endemic species / Newly arrived species / Non-Indigenous species / Introduced species / Nuisance species |
blind / double blind / plant blindness |
Disability metaphor |
Awareness |
citizen science |
'Citizen science' is harmful to non-citizens who are excluded by that language |
Participant science / Community science / |
feminized / masculinized |
Feminized implies that 'feminine' and 'masculine' are biological traits rather than social constructs |
Describe the specific traits |
gypsy |
Racial slur used to incite violence against Romani people |
'Spongy moth' |
man / woman |
Highly anthropomorphic / Biases towards men or male traits |
Male or female / Human |
names after racist / eugenic / colonizers |
They hold up problematic figures as noteworthy/someone to remember or celebrate |
Use Indigenous names / Use local names / Name based on appearance or morphology / Remove names from concepts |
survival of the fittest |
Eugenics, ablelism, and social Darwinism |
Natural selection / Survival differences |
Gender |
Gender, a social construct, is often conflated with sex |
Sex |
Hermaphrodite |
Derogatory term used to cause harm to the intersex and trans individuals. |
Monoecious/intersex/bi-gametic |
Indian |
A discrominatory, racist, term used to describe indigenous people |
Indigenous |
Male/female |
These terms are used to reinforce societally-imposed ideas of a sex binary, emphasising cis-normative and hetero-normative views |
Sperm-producing/egg-producing or XY/XX individual |
Mother/father |
These terms perpetuate a non-universal heteronormative and cisnormative view of the parenting and birthing process. |
Parent/egg-donor/sperm-donor |
Noose |
Term associated with anti-Black violence and lynching |
Lasso |
Primitive/advanced |
Used derogatorily towards humans or human practices, and also scientifically inaccurate as implies an evolutionary hierarchy |
Ancestral/derived |
race |
Perpetuates the idea that human race is a biological rather than social construct when used to describe non-human subspecies |
Population/subspecies/ecotype |
virgin |
A social construct that reinforces heteropatriarchal norms |
Unmated |
colonization / colonizer |
Terms are harmful and triggering for Indigenous people that have been subjugated to colonialism, racism, and genocide and use of the term describes normalizes it as natural phenomonen rather than a destructive one with human context. |
established / early successional species |
discover / discovery |
Erases the longstanding, detailed ecological knowledge of Indigenous communities that have been involved with local environments and ecosystems before colonialism and western science. |
identified / described |
harem |
Perpetuates offensive stereotypes of human cultures, particlularly those of the Middle East, and evokes a sexualized human power structure in which women are assumed to be subjucated to men. |
mating group / polygny |
master / master file / master equation / master variable |
Perpetuates harmful stereotypes and connotations to the enslavement of people of color and normalizes language implicated with slavery and enslaved people. |
primary / main document / primary equation or variable |
Old World / New World |
Perpetuates a colonial and Eurocentric view of the world that is offensive to the international community and Indigenous peoples that lived in the region and contributed to scientific knowledge before European colonialism. |
the relevant location |
rape |
Equates rape with a reproductive strategy rather than a violent and traumatic act, which can lead to dangerous misconceptions that is a natural behavior, and the use of the term forces survivors to be confronted with it which is traumatic. |
forced copulation |
slave and/or master / slave-making ants / slavery |
Normalizes slavery and colonoliasm as a natural phenomonen in the wild, which if harmful to cultures and people of color subjugated to these practices and does not represent the animal behavior accurately. |
host and parasite / 'pirate' ants / coercion |