Among the highlights: Russia should be banned from international athletics competition and claims that London 2012 had been “sabotaged” because the IAAF had allowed 10 athletes with “unexplained and highly suspicious” abnormal blood profiles to compete. The report also urged the IAAF to ban for life five middle-distance runners – including Mariya Savinova, who won 800m gold at London 2012 and Ekaterina Poistogova, who took bronze from the same event – and five senior coaches.
This was serious stuff. But the independent commission’s detailed explanation of the nexus of collusion and corruption among Russia’s athletes and its government was even more compelling. It was, agreed Pound, state-supported doping. “I don’t see how you could call it anything else,” he admitted. “Our conclusion was this couldn’t happen without the knowledge or consent of state authorities.”
Athletes were expected to cheat and there were consequences for those that did not. As one coach, Oleg Popov, admitted, they “have no choice but to dope otherwise the athlete is ‘out’, meaning removed from the team”. Systems were in put in place to subvert usual international norms. So, when Russian athletes failed drugs tests, they did not necessarily get caught or punished.
The interference came from the top. The Russian sports minister, Vitaly Mutko, even issued direct orders to “manipulate particular samples” and there was “direct intimidation and interference by the Russian state with the Moscow laboratory operations”. Not only were its offices bugged but its director, Grigory Rodchenkov, was required to meet a security officer from the FSB weekly to update him on the “mood of Wada”.
But Rodchenkov was not an innocent party. As the independent commission revealed he was an integral part of the conspiracy to extort money from athletes in order to cover up positive results. Staggeringly he was also involved in “the intentional and malicious destruction” of 1,417 samples to deny evidence for the inquiry. A shadow laboratory that covered up positive doping results by destroying samples was also set up by the Russian state.