Cancer sucks

**S Landreth** · 06-09-2023, 01:09 PM

^I know a woman here in Thailand who had one breast removed and later had to have the other removed. She’s doing fine now. Hope your millennial hike-mate isn’t grieving too long.

I’m constantly reminding friends and family to get checkups. Just wish they could/would make breast screening free for women over 40.

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Cancer cases in under-50s worldwide up nearly 80% in three decades, study finds

The number of under-50s worldwide being diagnosed with cancer has risen by nearly 80% in three decades, according to the largest study of its kind.

Global cases of early onset cancer increased from 1.82 million in 1990 to 3.26 million in 2019, while cancer deaths of adults in their 40s, 30s or younger grew by 27%. More than a million under-50s a year are now dying of cancer, the research reveals.

Experts are still in the early stages of understanding the reasons behind the rise in cases. The authors of the study, published in BMJ Oncology, say poor diets, alcohol and tobacco use, physical inactivity and obesity are likely to be among the factors.

“Since 1990, the incidence and deaths of early onset cancers have substantially increased globally,” the report says. “Encouraging a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet, the restriction of tobacco and alcohol consumption and appropriate outdoor activity, could reduce the burden of early onset cancer.”

Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of cancer in adults under the age of 50 has been rising in various parts of the world over the last few decades. The latest study, led by the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, China, was the first of its kind to examine the issue on a global scale and the risk factors for younger adults.

Most of the previous studies focused on regional and national differences. In this global study, researchers analysed data from 204 countries covering 29 types of cancer.

They looked at new cases, deaths, health consequences and contributory risk factors for all those aged 14 to 49 to estimate changes between 1990 and 2019.

In 2019, new cancer diagnoses among under-50s totalled 3.26 million, an increase of 79% on the 1990 figure. Breast cancer accounted for the largest number of cases and associated deaths, at 13.7 and 3.5 for every 100,000 of the global population respectively.

Cases of early onset windpipe and prostate cancers rose the fastest between 1990 and 2019, with estimated annual percentage changes of 2.28% and 2.23% respectively. At the other end of the spectrum, cases of early onset liver cancer fell by an estimated 2.88% a year.

A total of 1.06 million under-50s died of cancer in 2019, an increase of 27% on the 1990 figure. After breast cancer, the highest death tolls were linked to windpipe, lung, stomach and bowel cancers. The steepest increases in deaths were among people with kidney or ovarian cancer.

The highest rates of early onset cancers in 2019 were in North America, Oceania and western Europe. Low- and middle-income countries were also affected, and the highest death rates among under-50s were in Oceania, eastern Europe and central Asia.

In low- and middle-income countries, early onset cancer had a much greater impact on women than on men, in terms of poor health and deaths.

Based on the observed trends for the past three decades, the researchers estimate that the global number of new early onset cancer cases and associated deaths will rise by a further 31% and 21% respectively by 2030, with people in their 40s the most at risk.

Genetic factors are likely to have a role, the researchers said. But diets high in red meat and salt and low in fruit and milk, along with alcohol and tobacco use, are the main risk factors underlying the most common cancers among under-50s, with physical inactivity, excess weight and high blood sugar contributory factors, the data indicates.

Dr Claire Knight, a senior health information manager at Cancer Research UK, which was not involved in the study, said it was not yet clear what was driving the trend and urged caution.

“However alarming this might seem, cancer is primarily a disease of older age, with the majority of new cancer cases worldwide being diagnosed in those aged 50 and above,” she said. “We need more research to examine the causes of early onset cancer for specific cancer types, like our BCAN-RAY study that is looking at new ways to identify younger women at higher risk of breast cancer.

“If people are concerned about their cancer risk, there are lots of ways to help reduce this such as not smoking, maintaining a balanced diet, getting plenty of exercise and staying safe in the sun.”

**BLD** · 06-09-2023, 04:29 PM

Turns out mine was a basil cell squamish type. He dug deep and its gone now. this type is only a slight chance to kill you. Thank fook. But for all you dolly's, get them rockets checked out asap .

**nidhogg** · 06-09-2023, 05:05 PM

Originally Posted by BLD

Turns out mine was a basil cell squamish type.

Some confusion here. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are two different types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

**S Landreth** · 06-09-2023, 05:06 PM

^^Must have been a relief to get that good news.

Couple months ago, the dermatologist I see here in Thailand froze 6 different small spots he saw on me.

Originally Posted by BLD

But for all you dolly's, get them rockets checked out asap .

they should get them checked yearly

**BLD** · 06-09-2023, 05:44 PM

Originally Posted by nidhogg

Some confusion here. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are two different types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

He cut it out quite deep and reckoned it won't kill.me. basil cell something or other. Anyway a huge relief

**Ukan Kizmiaz** · 06-09-2023, 07:40 PM

If you have to get skin cancer BCC is better than SCC and melanoma is the most challenging.

**S Landreth** · 29-09-2023, 10:44 AM

2.3M women died prematurely from cancer in 2020: analysis

Thousands of premature cancer deaths in women could have been prevented: researchers

Prevention could have prevented nearly seven in 10 premature cancer deaths among women worldwide in 2020, new research has found.

The Lancet Commission on Women, Power, and Cancer, as well as the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), released their findings(opens in a new tab) this week on the issue.

The researchers say 5.3 million adults, between 30 and 69 years old, died prematurely from cancer in 2020 around the world. Of those, 2.3 million were women.

The findings suggest that prevention could have stopped roughly two-thirds of those deaths.

"Globally, there are marked inequalities between countries in reaching the target of reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases, including cancer, set out by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals," Dr. Isabelle Soerjomataram, deputy head of the Cancer Surveillance Branch at IARC and co-chair of the Lancet Commission on Women, Power, and Cancer, said in a news release(opens in a new tab).

"Greater investments in cancer prevention programmes can reduce the prevalence of key risk factors for cancer, and increased coverage of vaccination alongside early diagnosis and screening linked to timely treatment can and must address the current cancer inequalities that are seen worldwide."

The research found premature deaths from cancer in women were higher in countries with a low Human Development Index(opens in a new tab) (HDI), a United Nations measurement that includes a number of different factors such as standard of living.

Beyond the loss of life, the researchers say an estimated one million children around the world became motherless because of these premature deaths.

"There is rapid societal and economic transition across populations, leading to enormous variation in global cancer patterns," Dr. Freddie Bray, head of the Cancer Surveillance Branch at IARC and a commissioner of the Lancet report, said.

"Although breast cancer remains the most important cause of premature cancer death in women worldwide, new analysis in our commission reveals that cervical cancer ranks second in women in countries with low and medium HDI, whereas lung cancer ranks second in women in countries with high and very high HDI."

The researchers point to four main risk factors that, if addressed, could have prevented almost one-third, or 1.3 million, of all cancer deaths in women of all ages. These include smoking tobacco, alcohol consumption, high body weight and infections.

However, the researchers point to a study that found only 19 per cent of women in the United Kingdom who had been screened for breast cancer were aware that alcohol consumption is a major risk factor.

The analysis also says there is a growing link between some commercial products – such as certain breast implants, skin lighteners and hair relaxers – that may increase a woman's cancer risk.

Then, there is the financial cost, with the researchers citing a study from eight countries in Asia that found a large majority of women with cancer spent 30 per cent or more of their annual household income on expenses such as medical costs and medicine in the year after their diagnosis.

Women, the analysis points out, also are largely the ones who do unpaid caregiving for people with cancer.

Among the solutions the researchers call for is a "new intersectional feminist agenda for cancer care, in which health systems, cancer workforces, and research ecosystems are more inclusive and responsive to the needs and aspirations of all women, whether they are patients, care providers, or researchers, thereby reducing the global burden of cancer."

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The secret world of breast cancer: 17 surprising things I wish I’d known

**nidhogg** · 29-09-2023, 10:58 AM

Originally Posted by S Landreth

The research found premature deaths from cancer in women were higher in countries with a low Human Development Index(opens in a new tab) (HDI), a United Nations measurement that includes a number of different factors such as standard of living.

In accordance with the Human Development Report 2021-22, the (HDI) rank of India is 132nd, among 191 countries. The HDR was titled as “Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World”

And yet this is a country with two aircraft carriers, a nuclear sub, nuclear weapons and just put a probe on the moon.

**S Landreth** · 17-10-2023, 01:33 PM

New prostate cancer treatment may be ‘on the horizon’, say scientists

Scientists say a new way to treat prostate cancer may be on the horizon after finding it is possible to reverse its resistance to therapy.

More than a million men worldwide are diagnosed with the disease each year. The chances of survival are generally good, particularly if it is diagnosed early. Many can live for decades without symptoms or needing treatment.

But some with advanced forms of prostate cancer find it is able to evade treatment by using their immune system to resist the impact of drugs. Now scientists have discovered a way to stop it being able to do this, opening up the possibility of treatments for men left with little hope.

By blocking the secret messages that cancer cells send to hijack healthy white blood cells, researchers were able to reverse resistance to therapy in a small group of patients. In some, they were able to shrink tumours or halt their growth. The findings were published in Nature.

“This is tremendously exciting and it suggests we have an entirely new way to treat prostate cancer on the horizon,” said Johann de Bono, a professor of experimental cancer medicine at the Institute of Cancer Research and consultant medical oncologist at the Royal Marsden NHS foundation trust.

In a trial led by the ICR, the Royal Marsden and the Institute of Oncology Research in Switzerland, scientists recruited 23 patients with advanced prostate cancer that had stopped responding to hormone therapy.

They were given a combination of AZD5069, an experimental drug that prevents white blood cells from being dragged inside tumours, and enzalutamide, a hormone therapy commonly used to treat prostate cancer.

Of 21 patients who could be evaluated, five (24%) showed evidence of their tumours responding to the combination, the ICR reported.

Their tumours shrunk by more than 30%, they experienced “dramatic decreases” in circulating levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), a marker often elevated by cancer, or their blood levels of circulating tumour cells dropped, it said.

Patients also showed a drop in the white blood cells targeted by the treatment – myeloid cells – in the blood, and biopsies revealed fewer of them in their tumours.

“It’s hugely rewarding to see our theory proven in a trial of patients with this disease,” said De Bono. “Myeloid cells may be implicated in treatment resistance in a range of cancers, so the impact of this research could be very broad, across multiple cancer types.”

Prof Kristian Helin, chief executive of the ICR, said the results acted as a proof of principle for disrupting cancer and represented a smart new way to attack tumours.

“I look forward to seeing how this work progresses and hope it will pave the way to a new treatment that is beneficial to people with prostate cancer and potentially also many other cancer types.”

The study was funded by Prostate Cancer UK, Cancer Research UK, the Swiss Card Onco grant organisation, the Prostate Cancer Foundation, AstraZeneca, Wellcome and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the Royal Marsden and ICR, with support from the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres network.

Prostate Cancer UK’s director of research, Dr Matthew Hobbs, said he was extremely excited about the findings.

He said: “Now we want to see pharmaceutical companies working with researchers to develop new drugs based on what we’ve learnt and to test them in larger trials – turning research into reality for men.”

Targeting myeloid chemotaxis to reverse prostate cancer therapy resistance | Nature

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