©AP Russian fighter jets at the Hemeimeem air base in Syria
Russian president Vladimir Putin has ordered his armed forces to start pulling out of Syria on Tuesday after a six-month campaign, saying that they had largely met their objectives and it was time to focus on peace talks.
The announcement comes as external powers seek common ground for turning a tentative cessation of hostilities in the civil war into a political solution, efforts long hampered by Moscow’s support for Syria’s president Bashar al-Assad.
Russia’s military intervention, which began in September, changed the course of the Syrian conflict. Before the Kremlin sent in its bombers, Mr Assad’s forces were losing ground to various armed rebel groups.
Russian air power was often deployed indiscriminately, according to Syrian activists, and in the early stages did not target Isis positions despite Moscow saying that its mission was to destroy the jihadi group.
Speaking at a meeting with Sergei Shoigu, minister of defence, and Sergei Lavrov, Russia’s foreign minister, Mr Putin said that his objectives had “overall been fulfilled”, adding: “Therefore I order the ministry of defence to start the pullout of the basic part of our military group from the Syrian Arab Republic.”
The Russian announcement appeared to take much of the Obama administration by surprise. The state department declined to comment and said that John Kerry, secretary of state, had last spoken to Mr Lavrov on Thursday.
“We have seen reports that President Putin has announced a planned withdrawal of Russian forces from Syria. We expect to learn more about this in the coming hours,” a senior administration official said.
President Barack Obama spoke on the phone on Tuesday with Mr Putin shortly after what the White House described as Russia’s announcement of a “partial withdrawal” of forces from Syria.
According to the White House, Mr Obama “welcomed the much-needed reduction in violence” since the ceasefire announced last month and some progress on delivering humanitarian aid. However he told Mr Putin that continuing offensive actions by the Syrian regime were putting at risk the UN-led political process in Syria.
©Reuters Russian president Vladimir Putin, right, meets Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad in Moscow last year
The Kremlin said that the Russian military would retain a presence in Syria for flights to continue to monitor the ceasefire and ensure its implementation.
For Mr Putin, Russia’s intervention in Syria has been a means to reassert Moscow’s role as a power with a say in global affairs far beyond its shores. Critics of US President Barack Obama’s policy towards Syria say that US inaction left a strategic void for the Kremlin to fill.
Following Russia’s joint efforts with the US in brokering and monitoring the Syrian ceasefire, which Moscow has been playing up at home, Mr Putin can argue to a domestic audience that this mission has been fulfilled.
But Moscow’s announcement also throws a spotlight on Mr Assad. According to Russian and foreign officials familiar with Moscow’s Syria diplomacy, Russia has been frustrated that the Syrian president has not been more flexible in accommodating efforts at a political solution of the conflict.
Mr Putin said that Russia’s announcement of a partial pullout would help bolster the chances of political progress.
“I hope that today’s decision will be a good signal for all conflicting parties,” he said. “I hope that this will considerably increase the level of trust between all parties of the Syrian settlement and contribute to a peaceful resolution of the Syrian issue.”
The Kremlin said that Mr Putin had discussed the cessation of hostilities in a telephone call with Mr Assad and both leaders had agreed that the ceasefire had helped “drastically reduce the scale of bloodletting in the country”. Mr Assad had expressed his hope for a swift start to a political process in the country, it said.
Activists in Syria were cautious about the news. Mohammad al-Sibai, an activist from the central city of Homs, said he did not believe Russia would abandon the regime but that “if the air raids were reduced and the regime lifted off the sieges imposed on cities and reduced its [ground] raids, this will lessen the pressure on the Syrian people”.
Omar al-Shimali, an activist from Azaz/Aleppo, said: “[Russia’s] ally is not Assad. Its ally is the interests in Syria [such as] oil and other resources. Russia runs after its interests. If it is in its interest to keep Assad, Russia will keep him. If its interest is to remove him, it will do so.”
Anmar al-Najjar of the Syrian Civil Defence Force, a volunteer search and rescue group, said that if Russia did pull out, “it would reduce the suffering of the Syrian people. More than 90 per cent of air raids were carried out by Russian warplanes.”
When Moscow started its military intervention in Syria last autumn, Russian politicians said they aimed it to last no longer than four months, but the campaign was initially less successful than expected. However, since the beginning of this year, Russian bombardments have helped Syrian government forces turn the tide and regain territory from armed rebels.
Putin orders Russian forces to start pulling out of Syria - FT.com