My take on it - English & (Tagalog). If no word in parenthesis, then we use the English name in my area.
1. Mangosteen
2. Rambutan
3. Durian
4. Pomelo (suha -> forgot the term!)
5. (Makopa) - don't know the English term
6. Lychee (litchi)
7. Banana (saging)
8. Coconut (niyog)
9. Sugar apple (atis)
10. Don't know
11. Don't know
12. Guava (bayabas) - we have small ones (~2 in diameter) and large ones (5-6 in diameter)
13. Jackfruit (langka) - the unripe ones, we cook as a veg, usually w/ coconut milk
14. Star apple (kaimito)
15. Lanzones (lansones)
16. Mango (mangga)
17. (Santol)
18. (Chico) - yes, same name as our esteemed member, lol
19. Tamarind (sampalok)
20. Dragon fruit
Have tasted all in the list, except 10 & 11.
Maybe GFawn knows their names in Bisaya, another dialect here (I don't speak it).
Other fruits that we have here that I didn't see in the list:
1. Soursop or Guyabano (guanabana in S. America, relative of the sugar apple, #9)
2. Duhat - a black/purple fruit, kinda same size as grape but grows in a tree, the purple skin stains hands or clothes
3. Mabolo - kinda like a big guava but the flesh is cream or pinkish colored
4. Balimbing (star fruit)
5. Aratiles - very small, like a blueberry, but colored green to red
6. Chesa - yellow/orange colored
7. Kalamansi - small & green, belongs to lemon family, not eaten but used to add zest to food & used as juice